Duct Calculator | Air Duct Size Calculator

Free online duct calculator for HVAC engineers. Calculate air duct size using equal friction method with results matching McQuay & ASHRAE standards.

Inputs
US
US
Density
0.0750lb/ft³
Viscosity
0.0432lb/ft·h
Specific Heat
0.24Btu/lb°F
Energy Factor
1.08Btu/h°F-cfm
cfm
in.WC/100ft
ft/min
in
in
×
in
Calculated Results
Equivalent Diameter (Rect)
in
Flow Area
ft²
Fluid Velocity
ft/min
Reynolds Number
Friction Factor
Velocity Pressure
in.WC
Head Loss
in.WC/100ft
Aspect Ratio
— × —
Duct Sizing Notes

In equal friction duct design, you typically select a friction target (pressure loss per length) and size ducts so pressure drop stays uniform throughout the system. This helps balancing, keeps fan static predictable, and makes duct sizing consistent from main to branches.

When to Adjust Your Target

  • Noise issue: reduce velocity (bigger duct) or reduce friction target.
  • High fan static: lower friction target in long mains and long runs.
  • Space constraints: allow slightly higher friction but keep AR reasonable.

Good Practice Checklist

  • Confirm total static includes fittings (elbows, transitions, dampers, coils, filters).
  • Prefer standard duct sizes where possible.
  • Consider insulation thickness and clearance before finalizing sizes.
Quick Checks (Design Validation)

Aspect Ratio

  • Try to keep AR ≤ 4:1 for easy fabrication and lower noise.
  • If space forces high AR (e.g., 6:1), consider reducing velocity.
  • Very flat ducts can increase losses and noise.

Noise & Velocity

  • Near diffusers: supply typically 500–900 fpm.
  • Main trunks can be higher, but watch noise limits.
  • If VP looks high, reduce friction target / velocity.

Pressure Drop Strategy

  • Long runs → lower friction (e.g., 0.06–0.08) reduces fan static.
  • Short runs / tight shafts → slightly higher friction can be acceptable.
  • Also check fittings (elbows, transitions, dampers).

Practical Notes

  • Prefer standard sizes; avoid odd dimensions where possible.
  • Check insulation thickness (space clearance).
  • Confirm access doors, turning vanes, balancing dampers.

How to Use (Short)

  1. Select US/Metric and Air Condition.
  2. Enter any 2 values (Flow + Friction is common).
  3. Enter Height to calculate Width; verify aspect ratio.
  4. Review velocity and VP; adjust friction target if needed.
References
  • ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals (Duct Design)
  • SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards
  • ASHRAE 62.1 - Ventilation Standards