AC Tonnage Calculator ❄️

Find what size air conditioner you need — in tons and BTU/hr — from floor area, climate, insulation and sun exposure. Use Quick Estimate for a fast answer, or Detailed Load for an engineering calculation with walls, glass, people, lighting and ventilation.

🏠 Space Inputs

⚡ Quick Estimate
📐 Detailed Load
Conditioned floor area of the space
Standard 2.7 m (9 ft)
Extra people add ~600 BTU/hr each
TVs, PCs, ovens — heat-emitting only

📊 AC Size Results

❄️

Enter your space details and click Calculate

AC Tonnage Chart (Single Room)

Room SizeModerateHot Climate
100–150 sq ft0.75 Ton1.0 Ton
150–250 sq ft1.0 Ton1.5 Ton
250–400 sq ft2.0 Ton2.5 Ton
400–600 sq ft2.5 Ton3.5 Ton
600–900 sq ft4.0 Ton5.0 Ton
Single exterior room (bedroom/living), average insulation, normal sun. A whole apartment averages out at far fewer tons per sq ft — see the full chart below.

How to Calculate AC Tonnage

"Tonnage" is just cooling capacity: 1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hr = 3.517 kW — the cooling effect of melting one ton of ice in 24 hours. Sizing an AC means finding the space's cooling load in BTU/hr, then dividing by 12,000 and rounding up to the next standard unit size.

Quick Estimate Method (Rule of Thumb)

BTU/hr = Area (sq ft) × Base BTU/ft² × Climate × Insulation × Sun × Height factor
    + (extra occupants × 600) + (appliance watts × 3.412)
Tons = BTU/hr ÷ 12,000 → round up to standard size

The base intensity depends on what you're cooling: about 22 BTU/hr per sq ft for a whole dwelling (the familiar ASHRAE-style figure), but 55–60 for a single exterior room, 35 for an open-plan office floor and 85 for a commercial kitchen. The calculator then applies climate, insulation, sun and ceiling-height multipliers, and adds occupants and appliance heat.

Detailed Load Method (Engineering)

Qwall = U × A × (ΔT + 8)  ·  Qroof = U × A × (ΔT + 15)
Qglass = U × A × ΔT  +  A × SHGF × SC
Qpeople = n × (sensible + latent W)  ·  Qlight = W/m² × area × 1.25
Qvent = 1.23 × L/s × ΔT  +  3010 × L/s × Δw
Total = (Σ Q) × (1 + safety %) → Tons = Total W ÷ 3,517

Detailed mode gives you the split between sensible and latent load and the resulting SHR — the numbers that actually determine your supply air temperature and airflow.

Worked Example — 150 sq ft Bedroom in a Hot Climate

A 150 sq ft (14 m²) bedroom with one exposed wall and a window, 2.7 m ceiling, hot Gulf climate, average insulation, 2 occupants:

  1. Base: 150 sq ft × 55 BTU/ft² = 8,250 BTU/hr
  2. Climate (hot ×1.20) × insulation (×1.00) × sun (×1.00) = 9,900 BTU/hr
  3. Tons = 9,900 ÷ 12,000 = 0.83 → select a 1 Ton unit

Cross-check with Detailed Load mode (wall 10 m² block, 2 m² west window, 46°C outdoor, 2 people, 8 L/s fresh air, 10% safety): the component method gives 3,029 W ≈ 0.86 tons — the same answer from a completely different route. That's the sanity check every rule of thumb should survive.

Why a Small Room Needs More BTU per Sq Ft Than a Whole House

You'll see "20 BTU per sq ft" quoted everywhere — but that figure is for a whole dwelling, which averages exterior rooms together with interior rooms, corridors and bathrooms that have little or no envelope. A single exterior bedroom is the worst slice of that average: it carries its own external wall, its own window and its own fresh-air load, all divided by a small floor area.

That's why this calculator uses ~55–60 BTU/ft² for single rooms and ~22 BTU/ft² for a whole apartment. Both are correct — they're answering different questions. Pick the space type that matches what you're actually cooling.

AC Tonnage Chart — Single Room (Bedroom / Living Room)

Room Size (sq ft)Room Size (m²)Moderate ClimateHot Climate
100–1509–140.75 Ton1.0 Ton
150–25014–231.0 Ton1.5 Ton
250–40023–372.0 Ton2.5 Ton
400–60037–562.5 Ton3.5 Ton
600–90056–844.0 Ton5.0 Ton

AC Tonnage Chart — Whole Apartment / House

Home Size (sq ft)Home Size (m²)Moderate ClimateHot Climate
600–80056–741.5 Ton2.0 Ton
800–100074–932.0 Ton2.5 Ton
1000–140093–1302.5 Ton3.5 Ton
1400–1800130–1673.0 Ton4.0 Ton
1800–2400167–2234.0 Ton6.0 Ton

Average insulation, normal sun exposure, standard 2.7 m ceiling. Moderate ≈ 32°C design, Hot ≈ 46°C design. Every value in both tables is generated by this calculator — enter the same inputs and you'll get the same answer.

AC Sizing Tips

Frequently Asked Questions

How many tons of AC do I need per square foot?
It depends on what you are cooling. Whole apartment/house: about 1 ton per 400–600 sq ft in moderate climates (~20–25 BTU/hr per sq ft). Single exterior room (bedroom, living room): about 1 ton per 150–250 sq ft (~55–70 BTU/hr per sq ft) — that room carries its own wall, window and fresh-air load over a small floor area.
What size AC do I need for a 1000 sq ft room?
For a 1,000 sq ft whole apartment: ~18,700 BTU/hr (2 tons) in a moderate climate, ~26,400 BTU/hr (2.5 tons) in a hot climate. A single 1,000 sq ft open room needs considerably more — it carries far more external wall and glass per square foot.
How many BTU is 1 ton of air conditioning?
1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hr = 3.517 kW. The term comes from the cooling effect of melting one short ton of ice over 24 hours. So 2 tons = 24,000 BTU/hr, and 5 tons = 60,000 BTU/hr.
What happens if the AC is oversized?
It short-cycles — cooling the space quickly then switching off before it can dehumidify. You get a cold but humid, clammy room, higher indoor humidity, more compressor wear from frequent starts, and higher install and running costs. Correct sizing beats extra capacity.
Is a rule-of-thumb tonnage calculation good enough for design?
It's fine for preliminary sizing, budgeting and sanity-checking a contractor's quote. For construction design and submittals you need a full load calculation to ACCA Manual J or ASHRAE methods — typically using software like Carrier HAP — because rules of thumb ignore orientation, glazing, thermal mass and ventilation.

Disclaimer: This calculator gives preliminary estimates. Quick mode uses rule-of-thumb intensities; detailed mode uses a simplified ETD/CLTD approach with typical U-values and solar gain factors. For construction documents, perform a full ACCA Manual J or ASHRAE load calculation with project-specific data.

📚 References