⚡ IEC + NEC Panel Schedule (Always Free)

⚡ Electrical Panel Load Calculator

Create a professional panel schedule: Demand, kVA, Current, Auto cable size (Cu/Al), Voltage Drop (R+X), Derating, and Breaker sizing.

🧮 Panel Load Schedule Builder

Switch updates voltage presets & cable list.
Pick preset to auto-fill voltage.
Used for 3-phase rows.
Used for 1-phase rows. Auto = L-L ÷ √3.
Scales cable reactance X.
Row PF overrides this.
Row VD limit overrides this.
Applied to HP rows only.
Derating factor applied.
Base: 30°C reference. Table ends at 55°C.
1.0 = single circuit.
# Description Load / Current Unit Type Phase DF PF Length (m) Conductor Cable (Auto) Ampacity (A) Derated (A) Demand kW kVA Current (A) VD Limit (%) VD (%) Breaker (A) Status Del
Load type — what each one does
Normal sizes the breaker on the load current itself (×1.0). Continuous — a load running at full output for three hours or more — uses ×1.25. Motor uses ×2.5 for starting, and the cable is sized on 1.25 × FLC because the overload relay, not the breaker, protects the cable.

About Unit “A (Measured Current)”
Use A only when you already know the current (for example, a clamp meter reading). In this mode the tool treats the value as measured current and back-calculates kW/kVA using Voltage, PF, and Phase. A measured current is already a demand current, so DF is locked at 1.00 — otherwise the kW summary and the phase currents would describe two different loads. For normal design work, keep Unit as kW / HP / kVA / W.

HP rows use HP × 0.746 ÷ Motor Efficiency, because HP is shaft output and the cable has to carry the electrical input. At 0.90 efficiency that is about 11% more current than the shaft figure.

Phase column: 3P rows use the L-L voltage; 1P — R/Y/B rows use the L-N voltage and land on that phase in the R/Y/B summary (like a real panel schedule). 1P (Auto) distributes single-phase rows across R → Y → B automatically.
Total Demand (kW)
0.00
Total (kVA)
0.00
R Phase (A)
0.0
Y Phase (A)
0.0
B Phase (A)
0.0
Unbalance (%)
0.0
⚠️ ENGINEERING DISCLAIMER:
This calculator provides preliminary estimates only. Final design must verify manufacturer data, short-circuit rating, protection coordination, local amendments, and exact installation conditions.

Electrical Panel Load Calculator (IEC & NEC) – Complete Guide

This tool helps you create an electrical panel schedule and quickly estimate demand load, kVA, current, auto cable size (Copper/Aluminum), voltage drop, derated ampacity, and breaker sizing. It is designed for fast checks during design coordination, estimating, and site verification.

What Is a Panel Schedule?

A panel schedule is a circuit list showing connected load, demand factors, protective device size, and cable details. It is used for load balancing (R/Y/B), feeder sizing, and verifying voltage drop and ampacity compliance.

Standards: IEC vs NEC (Which One to Choose?)

  • IEC: Common for 230/400/415V systems used worldwide.
  • NEC: Common for 120/208/240/277/480V systems used in USA/Canada.

Switching the standard updates typical voltage presets and cable tables used for auto-selection.

How to Use This Tool (Step-by-Step)

  1. Select Standard (IEC or NEC) and choose a Voltage Preset (it auto-fills both L-L and L-N).
  2. Set defaults: PF, VD Limit, motor efficiency, installation method, ambient temperature, and grouping factor.
  3. Add rows and enter circuit data: description, load value, unit, type, phase, DF, PF, length, and conductor.
  4. Review outputs: Cable (Auto), Derated ampacity, VD (%), and Breaker (A).
  5. Use Export CSV to download the full schedule.

Load Units Explained (kW, HP, kVA, W, and A)

  • kW: Best default for lighting, sockets, heaters, UPS loads, and general power.
  • HP: Used for motors (pumps/fans/compressors). HP is shaft output, so the tool converts to electrical input using kW = HP × 0.746 ÷ efficiency with the Motor Efficiency field. Sizing a motor circuit on shaft output alone understates the current by roughly 10% at a typical 0.90 efficiency.
  • kVA: Apparent power (DG/UPS/transformer nameplate). Conversion used: kW = kVA × PF.
  • W: Small loads. Conversion used: kW = W / 1000.
  • A (Measured Current): Verification mode. The tool back-calculates kW/kVA from voltage, PF, and phase, and locks DF at 1.00 because a measured current is already a demand current.

What Does “VD Limit (%)” Mean?

VD Limit (%) is the maximum allowed voltage drop percentage. The tool compares calculated VD (%) to the limit. Typical targets: 3% for branch circuits and 5% total (feeder + branch) for overall system design.

Derating Factors (Why “Derated (A)” Is Lower Than Ampacity)

Cable tables show a base ampacity at standard reference conditions. Real projects need derating due to temperature, installation method, and grouping. The tool applies:

Derated Ampacity = Base Ampacity × ktemp × kinstall × kgroup
Required Base Ampacity = Required Current ÷ (ktemp × kinstall × kgroup)

Derating is applied before cable selection — the auto-selected cable already accounts for temperature, installation method and grouping. Ambient temperature is conservatively rounded up to the next band (32°C uses the 35°C factor, not 30°C), and above 55°C the tool stops rather than guessing, because that is where the published table ends and most PVC-insulated cable is out of its rating anyway.

Installation factors are applied as reductions only. Free air is treated as 1.00, not as an uplift — a base table is tied to its own reference method, and multiplying it upward for free air would claim ampacity the table never certified. Where free-air ratings genuinely matter, take them from the manufacturer's free-air column.

Breaker Sizing & Cable Coordination

  • Normal: Breaker ≥ 1.0 × Load Current
  • Continuous (three hours or more at full output): Breaker ≥ 1.25 × Load Current
  • Motor: Breaker ≥ 2.5 × Load Current (simplified for starting allowance)

The breaker is snapped to standard steps for the selected standard — IEC (16A, 32A, 63A, 125A…) or NEC (15A, 30A, 60A, 70A, 90A, 110A…). The cable is then coordinated with the breaker: for normal and continuous loads the derated ampacity must be ≥ the breaker rating (the IEC rule Ib ≤ In ≤ Iz); for motors the cable is sized for 1.25 × FLC, since the overload relay — not the 2.5× breaker — protects the cable. The tool also auto-upsizes the cable until the voltage drop is within your VD Limit.

Formulas Used

3-Phase Current: I = (kW × 1000) / (√3 × VL-L × PF)
1-Phase Current: I = (kW × 1000) / (VL-N × PF)
Motor from HP: kWinput = HP × 0.746 / efficiency
Demand kW: Demand = Connected kW × DF
kVA: kVA = kW / PF

Voltage Drop (AC with Reactance):
VD% = (√3 × I × L × (R×cosφ + X×sinφ) / VL-L) × 100   (for 3P)
VD% = (2 × I × L × (R×cosφ + X×sinφ) / VL-N) × 100   (for 1P)
Reactance at frequency f: Xf = X50 × (f / 50)
(L in km, R and X in Ω/km — 1-phase rows always use the L-N voltage field)

FAQ

What is the difference between Normal, Continuous and Motor?

A normal load is sized on its own current with no uplift. A continuous load — one running at full output for three hours or more, such as lighting or a compressor — is sized at 1.25 × its current. A motor is sized at 2.5 × full load current so the breaker rides through starting, while its cable is sized on 1.25 × FLC because the overload relay protects the cable.

When should I select Unit = “A (Measured Current)”?

Select it when you have a measured current value (site test / clamp meter) and you want to check cable size, voltage drop, and breaker selection. The demand factor is locked at 1.00 in this mode, because a measured current already is the demand current — applying a factor to the kW while leaving the current untouched would make the summary and the phase totals disagree. For design stage loads, use kW/HP/kVA/W instead.

What’s the difference between “Ampacity (A)” and “Derated (A)”?

Ampacity (A) is the base cable rating from the table. Derated (A) applies temperature, installation method, and grouping factors. The tool uses Derated (A) for the pass/fail check.

Why does the tool show “VD HIGH”?

The tool automatically upsizes the cable until voltage drop is within your VD Limit (%) — so “VD HIGH” now means even the largest cable in the table cannot meet the limit. Solutions: reduce the run length, use parallel runs, raise the panel voltage level, relax the VD limit, or move the panel closer to the load.

How do you calculate electrical panel load?

Sum each circuit's connected load and apply its demand factor (Demand kW = Connected kW × DF). Convert to current using the phase voltage and PF — 3-phase rows use the L-L voltage with the √3 formula, 1-phase rows use the L-N voltage. Balance single-phase circuits across R/Y/B; the panel feeder is sized on total demand kVA and the worst phase current.

What is the difference between IEC and NEC panel design?

IEC practice covers 230/400/415V 50Hz systems worldwide with mm² conductors and 16/32/63A breaker steps. NEC covers 120/208/277/480V 60Hz systems in USA/Canada with AWG/kcmil conductors and 15/30/60A breaker steps. Switching the standard changes the voltage presets, cable tables and breaker steps automatically.

📚 References

  • IEC 60364 (Low-voltage electrical installations)
  • IEC 60364-5-52 (Wiring systems - ampacity, installation methods & derating)
  • IEC 60228 (Conductors of insulated cables - resistance)
  • NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code - NEC), Art. 210/215/430
  • IEEE 141 (Red Book) - power distribution & voltage drop practice